SBIR Phase I: Predicting and Diagnosing Alzheimers Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment by MRI Using Variational Autoencoder and Machine Learning Algorithm

About This Grant

The broader impact/commercial potential of this Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I project is developing a low-cost diagnostic tool for brain imaging using an artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML)-based algorithm. The goal of the proposal is to develop a technology that can distinguish mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients and Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans. Diagnosing AD at the MCI stage and therapeutic intervention at this stage are the keys to developing effective therapeutics, lifestyle changes, and future planning for patients, caregivers, and stakeholders. Clinical diagnosis of AD is miserably low (~60% specificity and sensitivity). Such an image analysis platform will ensure a sophisticated tool for geriatric primary care and neurologists to detect a predementia patient with a certain chance of being converted to AD shortly. In the broader commercial potential, the user-friendly brain imaging data analysis platform will be transferred to the clinic to assist in the early diagnosis of AD, particularly the MCI stage and prognosis, using MRI images. This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I project is to utilize 3-dimensional (3D) Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (sMRI) brain scans from the patients as input to a specialized artificial intelligence (AI) platform that reduces dimensions and extracts latent features evolved from the affected whole brain by the disease. This AI-Machine Learning (ML) measures changes related to the atrophy of the brain, and relative temporal and region-specific changes correlated with the level of the patient's cognitive function. The algorithm classified Alzheimer’s disease (AD) vs. mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with accuracies of 81.41% and autopsy-confirmed AD vs. MCI at 92.75%. Proof-of-concept has been published in a peer-reviewed journal. There is no definitive diagnostic tool for AD that is cost-effective. In the broader commercial potential of this SBIR Phase I project, Neurologists/Gerontologists will use it for diagnostic and patient stratification. As the anticipated results, the technology would overlay MRI retrieval and provide an additional interpretive and diagnostic aspect to help neurologists provide a more accurate diagnosis of AD, MCI, other non-AD dementia, and normal brain. The resulting product of this study will address the differential diagnosis of AD, a significant unmet need. The algorithm can be extended to diagnosing other neurological diseases, such as autism, depression, traumatic brain injuries, and schizophrenia. This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.